Ferdinand
Magellan reaches
the Pacific, is killed by Philippine natives (1521).
One of his ships under Juan Sebastián del Cano
continues around the world, reaches Spain (1522).
Reformation
begins as Henry VIII makes himself head of English Church
after being excommunicated by Pope. Sir
Thomas More
executed as traitor for refusal to acknowledge king's
religious authority.
Henry
VIII executes
second wife, Anne
Boleyn.
John Calvin establishes Reformed and Presbyterian form
of Protestantism in Switzerland, writes Institutes
of the Christian Religion. Danish and Norwegian
Reformations.
Nicolaus
Copernicus publishes
On the Revolution of Heavenly Bodies, his theory
that the Sun is the center of the Universe, and that
the Earth revolves around it.
Queen
Elizabeth I
ascends the throne (rules to 1603). Restores Protestantism,
establishes state Church of England (Anglicanism). Renaissance
will reach height in England—Shakespeare, Marlowe,
Spenser.
Japan permits visits of foreign ships.
Queen Elizabeth I excommunicated by Pope. Turks attack
Cyprus and war on Venice. Turkish fleet defeated at
Battle
of Lepanto
by Spanish and Italian fleets (1571).
Peace of Constantinople (1572)
ends Turkish attacks on Europe.
Sir
Walter Raleigh founds
the first English Colony in North America (North Carolina).
Mary, Queen of Scots, executed for treason by order
of Queen Elizabeth I.
Defeat
of the Spanish Armada
by English. Henry, King of Navarre and Protestant leader,
recognized as Henry IV, first Bourbon king of France.
Converts to Roman Catholicism in 1593 in attempt to
end religious wars.
The content contained within this
timeline is aligned with the National Center for History in the
Schools: World History Standards for Grades 7-12 and the Texas
Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for Social Studies Grade
8.
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