1800's
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Napoleon
Bonaparte
(1769-1821)
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1800 |
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Napoleon
Bonaparte conquers
Italy, firmly establishes himself as First Consul
in France. In the U.S., federal government moves to
Washington, D.C. Robert Owen's social reforms in England.
William Herschel discovers infrared rays. Alessandro
Volta produces electricity.
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Listen
to "John Herschel, Modest Inheritor of an Astronomical
Legacy" Episode
395 from The Engines of Our Ingenuity
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1801 |
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Austria
makes temporary peace with France. United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland established with one
monarch and one parliament;
Catholics excluded from voting.
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Audiences] [For
Kids] |
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Agreement
bearing Napoleon's signature.
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1803 |
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U.S.
negotiates Louisiana Purchase
from France: for $15 million, U.S. doubles
its domain, increasing its territory by 827,000 sq.
mi. (2,144,500 sq km), from Mississippi River to Rockies
and from Gulf of Mexico to British North America.
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Audiences] [For
Kids] |
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Alexander
Hamilton
(1755?-1804)
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1804 |
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Haiti
declares independence from France; first black nation
to gain freedom from European colonial rule. Napoleon
transforms the Consulate of France into an empire,
proclaims himself emperor of France, systemizes French
law under Code Napoleon. In the U.S.,
Alexander Hamilton is mortally wounded in duel
with Aaron Burr. Lewis
and Clark expedition begins exploration of what is
now northwest U.S.
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Audiences] [For
Kids] |
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1805 |
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Lord
Nelson defeats the French-Spanish fleets in the Battle
of Trafalgar. Napoleon victorious over Austrian
and Russian forces at the Battle of Austerlitz.
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1807 |
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Robert
Fulton makes first successful
steamboat trip on Clermont between New York City and
Albany.
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Audiences] [For
Kids] |
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Ludwig
van Beethoven
(1770-1827)
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1808 |
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French
armies occupy Rome and Spain, extending Napoleon's
empire. Britain begins aiding Spanish guerrillas against
Napoleon in Peninsular War. In the U.S., Congress
bars importation of slaves. Ludwig
vanBeethoven's
Fifth and Sixth Symphonies performed.
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1810 |
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Grito
de Delores Father Hidalgo calls
for independence from Spain.
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1812 |
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Napoleon's
Grand Army invades Russia in
June. Forced to retreat in winter, most of Napoleon's
600,000 men are lost. In the U.S., war with Britain
declared over freedom of the seas for U.S. vessels
(War of 1812).
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Louis
XVIII
(1755-1824)
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1814 |
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French
defeated by allies (Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia,
Sweden, and Portugal) in War
of Liberation. Napoleon exiled to Elba, off
Italian coast. Bourbon king Louis XVIII takes French
throne.
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Napoleon
at Waterloo
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1815 |
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Napoleon
returns: Hundred Days begin. Napoleon
defeated by Wellington at Waterloo, banished again
to St. Helena in South Atlantic. Congress of Vienna:
victorious allies change the map of Europe.
War of 1812 ends with Treaty of Ghent.
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Simón
Bolívar
(1783-1830)
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1819 |
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Simón
Bolívar liberates New Granada
(now Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador) as Spain loses
hold on South American countries; named president
of Colombia.
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Audiences] [For
Kids] |
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1820 |
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Missouri
CompromiseMissouri admitted
as slave state but slavery barred in rest of Louisiana
Purchase north of 36°30' N.
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Audiences] [For
Kids] |
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1821 |
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Mexico
gains independence from Spain. |
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